CNC (Computer Numerical Control) turning is an intricate process that manual workers carried out painstakingly in the olden days. Today, computerized systems have revolutionized the field, paving the way for more precise, efficient, and economical production. This article will explore different aspects of CNC turning, explain the programming logic with step-by-step examples, and unravel detailed technical drawings for a clearer understanding.
Understanding CNC Turning
CNC turning is the process where bars of material are held in a chuck and rotated while a tool is fed into the workpiece to remove material and create the desired shape. When the cutting tool moves along the workpiece's size, it performs the turning operation. Fundamentally, CNC turning involves feeding the cutting tool in various axes of motion to generate precise dimensions.
Deciphering the CNC Turning Machine
A typical CNC turning centre has a turret, which is the device that holds the tooling and rotates on a vertical axis. Some models have a second spindle, known as sub-spindle, or a tail stock. A CNC Lathe has two axes of movement, X and Z. The X-axis is longitudinal and affects the diameter, while the Z-axis is latitudinal and affects the length.
CNC Turning Programming - A Walkthrough
For CNC turning, programming is as vital as the physical aspects. The essential codes for CNC turning programming include:
`G00` Rapid Positioning Motion
`G01` Linear Feed Motion
`G02` Clockwise Circular/Helical Interpolation
`G03` Counter Clockwise Circular/Helical Interpolation
These are just a few of the hundreds of G and M codes that act as the control language of CNC turning operations. A thorough understanding of these function codes will provide an indispensable foundation when starting CNC turning programming.
Programming Example
Let's go through an example of how to use these codes during programming of a simple part to be made on a CNC lathe.
Consider a part that has a cylindrical shape of 40mm diameter and 120mm length. The source material is a cylindrical rod of 50mm diameter. The program might look like below:
O0001 (Program Number)T0101 (Select Tool and Offset number)S1000 M03 (Speed and Direction)G00 X45 Z3 (Rapid positioning)G01 Z-45 F0.2 (Feeding)X-40 Z-120 F0.15 (Feeding)G00 X200 Z200 (End of Job)M02 (End of Program)
This simple program instructs the machine to carry out the turning in the specified dimensions. After this operation, the surplus material is removed, leaving behind the finished part of exact dimensions.
The importance of Detailed Drawings in CNC Turning
A technical drawing is a clear and accurate representation of an object, which gives enough information to enable a suitably equipped person to physically realize it. These drawings provide programmers with a clear view of what they need to do.
The detailed drawing for the above program example would portray a cylindrical bar with all measurements including diameter, length and the material specified. By referring to such drawings, programmers can make fewer errors and, therefore, produce higher quality results.
Embracing Different Styles in CNC Turning Programming
While the example given is a relatively straightforward programming task, CNC lathes can also handle far more complex products. Implementing different turning styles like contour turning, form turning, taper turning, and hard turning, extends the scope and application of CNC turning.
Each operation requires a different approach and setting in terms of programming. The function codes, feed rate, speed, and other parameters will differ. It's beneficial for programmers to master these different styles to be more versatile and meet various project demands.
Remember, practice makes perfect so don't shy away from trying out more programming codes or more complex drawings. Keep learning, keep exploring, and enjoy the process of creating precise, quality parts with CNC turning.
[Download PDF with Detailed Technical Drawings here]()
(Note: The link should point to the actual PDF with detailed technical drawings. I could not provide an actual file here.)
This article has provided insight into the world of CNC turning, walked you through an example of programming, and highlighted the importance of detailed drawings. With continuous learning and practice, you can efficiently produce a wide range of parts using different styles of turning. You're well on your way to mastering CNC turning!
cnc turning programming examples with drawing pdf
